Step 1: Prepare the Cookie Dough

1. In a large mixing bowl, cream together the softened butter, granulated sugar, and brown sugar until light and fluffy.
2. Add the eggs one at a time, mixing well after each addition. Stir in the vanilla extract.
3. In a separate bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, salt, and cinnamon.
4. Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, mixing until a soft dough forms.

Step 2: Make the Cheesecake Filling

1. In a medium bowl, beat the softened cream cheese, sugar, and vanilla extract until smooth and creamy. Set aside.

Step 3: Assemble the Cookies

1. Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C) and line baking sheets with parchment paper.
2. Scoop about 1 tablespoon of cookie dough and flatten it into a small disc.
3. Place 1 teaspoon of cheesecake filling in the center of the disc.
4. Top with another tablespoon of cookie dough, sealing the edges to encase the filling completely. Roll into a ball.

Step 4: Coat with Cinnamon-Sugar

1. In a small bowl, mix the sugar and cinnamon.
2. Roll each cookie ball in the cinnamon-sugar mixture until fully coated.

Step 5: Bake the Cookies

1. Place the coated cookies on the prepared baking sheets, spacing them about 2 inches apart.
2. Bake for 12-15 minutes, or until the edges are lightly golden.
3. Let the cookies cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes before transferring them to a cooling rack.